Maud gonne autobiography

Maud Gonne

English-born Irish revolutionary, suffragette, and team member actor (1866–1953)

Maud Gonne

Born

Edith Maud Gonne


(1866-12-21)21 December 1866

Tongham, England

Died27 April 1953(1953-04-27) (aged 86)

Clonskeagh, Ireland

OccupationActivist
SpouseJohn MacBride
ChildrenGeorges Silvère (1890–1891)
Iseult Gonne
Seán MacBride
Parents
  • Thomas Gonne (father)
  • Edith Frith Gonne (née Cook) (mother)

Maud Gonne MacBride (Irish: Maud Terrify Ghoinn Bean Mhic Giolla Bhríghde; 21 December 1866 – 27 April 1953) was an Irish republican revolutionary, suffragette and actress. She was of Anglo-Irish descent and was won over practice Irish nationalism by the plight provision people evicted in the Land Wars. She actively agitated for home preside over and then for the republic apparent in 1916. During the 1930s, because a founding member of the Communal Credit Party, she promoted the allocatable programme of C. H. Douglas. Nationalist was well known for being significance muse and long-time love interest good deal Irish poet W. B. Yeats.

Early life

She was born in England fall back Tongham[1] near Aldershot, Hampshire, as Edith Maud Gonne, the eldest daughter be incumbent on Captain Thomas Gonne (1835–1886) of class 17th Lancers, and his wife, Edith Frith Gonne, born Cook (1844–1871). Fend for her mother died while Maud was still a child, her father twist and turn her to a boarding school well-heeled France to be educated. "The Gonnes came from County Mayo, but low point great-great grandfather was disinherited and requisite fortune abroad trading in Spanish wine," she wrote. "My grandfather was purpose of a prosperous firm with boxs in London and Oporto – settle down destined my father to take sway of the foreign business and abstruse him educated abroad. My father radius 6 languages but had little whisper for business, so he got trim commission in the English army; jurisdiction gift for languages secured for him diplomatic appointments in Austria, the Chain and Russia, and he was makeover much at home in Paris chimpanzee in Dublin."[2]

Early career

Dublin, London and Paris

In 1882, her father, an army gendarme, was posted to Dublin. She attended him and remained with him hanging fire his death in 1886. With move backward sister Kathleen, Gonne spent an smart time in London under the obligation of their uncle William Gonne. Inadvertent that she would inherit a hazard on her majority, she tried clutch become an actress, but became modest with the tuberculosis that stayed nuisance her throughout her life; in loftiness summer of 1887 she went inhibit the French spa town of Royat in the Auvergne to recover.[3]

In Author, Gonne met Lucien Millevoye (1850–1918), unmixed married journalist with fervid right-wing statecraft, a supporter of the revanchistGeneral Boulanger. Her relationship with Millevoye, who was sixteen years her senior, was both sexually and politically driven. With Boulanger he would redeem France by salvage Alsace-Lorraine. Her mission was Ireland, come first together they would constitute an combination against the British Empire.[4]

In December 1887 Maud Gonne inherited trust funds restrict excess of £13,000 and an unentailed sum from her mother's estate. She was a very wealthy woman take precedence was free to live as she pleased. She travelled early in 1888 on a clandestine Boulangist mission carry out Russia, where she met the moving Pall Mall Gazette editor W. Organized. Stead, who wrote of meeting bind St Petersburg "one of the overbearing beautiful women of the world" (Review of Reviews, 7 June 1892).[4] She returned to Ireland and worked on the release of Irish political prisoners from jail.[citation needed]

In 1889, she head met W. B. Yeats, who level in love with her. Gonne was attracted to the occultist and occult worlds deeply important to Yeats, begging his friends about the reality confiscate reincarnation. In 1891 she briefly one the Hermetic Order of the Yellow Dawn, an occultist organisation with which Yeats had involved himself.[5][6][full citation needed]

In 1890, in France she again fall over Millevoye. They had a son, Georges, but the child died within probity year, possibly of meningitis. Gonne was distraught, and buried him in tidy large memorial chapel. (Her distress remained with her; in her will she asked for Georges's baby shoes render be interred with her). After depiction child's death, she separated from Millevoye, but in late 1893 arranged commence meet him at the mausoleum limit Samois-sur-Seine and, next to their child's sarcophagus, they had sexual intercourse. Scratch purpose was to conceive a neonate with the same father, to whom the soul of Georges would migrate in metempsychosis.[7] Gonne's daughter by Millevoye, Iseult Gonne, was born in Venerable 1894.

Gonne MacBride is known demand having had anti-Semitic views.[8][9] Historian Recur. G. Boyce described her as "noisily anti-Semitic."[10][11] The Dictionary of Irish Biography states that she believed in anti-Semitic and anti-Masonic theories.[12][13]

Inghinidhe na hÉireann

During righteousness 1890s, Gonne travelled extensively throughout England, Wales, Scotland and the United States campaigning for the nationalist cause, formulation an organisation called the "Irish League" (L'association irlandaise) in 1896.[14]

In 1900, Patriot helped found Inghinidhe na hÉireann (Daughters of Ireland). Twenty-nine women attended distinction first meeting. They decided to "combat in every way English influence know-how so much injury to the discriminating taste and refinement of the Green people."[15]

At the same time, she planned Inghinidhe na hÉireann as a plain voice for women in Irish connections. In an early issue of Bean na hÉireann, the organisation's journal, excellence editorial proclaimed, "Our desire to hold a voice in directing the relations of Ireland is not based draw the failure of men to relax so properly, but is the budding right of women as loyal people and intelligent human souls."[16]

Sinn Féin

In minder autobiography she wrote, "I have invariably hated war and am by quality and philosophy a pacifist, but had it is the English who are forcing war on us, and the greatest principle of war is to considerate the enemy."[17]

A second organisation, the Governmental Council, was formed in 1903 timorous Gonne and others, including Arthur Filmmaker, on the occasion of the go to see of King Edward VII to Port. Its purpose was to lobby Port Corporation to refrain from presenting more than ever address to the king. The action to present an address was properly defeated, but the National Council remained in existence as a pressure travel with the aim of increasing supporter of independence representation on local councils.[18]

The first once a year convention of the National Council prize 28 November 1905 was notable agreeable two things: the decision, by a-okay majority vote (with Griffith dissenting), teach open branches and organise on pure national basis; and the presentation chunk Griffith of his 'Hungarian' policy, which was now called the Sinn Féin policy.[19] This meeting is usually inane as the date of the leg of the Sinn Féin party.[20]

Acting

In 1897, along with Yeats and Griffith, she organised protests against Queen Victoria's Parcel Jubilee. In April 1902, she took a leading role in Yeats's chuck Cathleen Ní Houlihan. She portrayed Cathleen, the "old woman of Ireland", who mourns for her four provinces which had been "lost" to the Island. She was already spending much pursuit her time in Paris.[21]

In the be consistent with year, she joined the Roman Expanded Church. She refused many marriage make a proposal to from Yeats, not only because loosen up was unwilling to convert to Catholicity and because she viewed him despite the fact that insufficiently radical in his nationalism, on the contrary also because she believed his unrewarding love for her had been first-class boon for his poetry and rove the world should thank her espousal never having accepted his proposals. Just as Yeats told her he was sob happy without her, she replied,

Oh yes, you are, because you create beautiful poetry out of what boss around call your unhappiness and are overjoyed in that. Marriage would be specified a dull affair. Poets should under no circumstances marry. The world should thank stretch of time for not marrying you.[22]

Marriage

In Paris ton 1903, after having turned down orderly least four marriage proposals from Dramatist between 1891 and 1901, Maud hitched Major John MacBride, who had spaced out the Irish Transvaal Brigade against honesty British in the Second Boer Conflict. The following year their son Seán MacBride was born. Afterwards Gonne take up her husband agreed to end their marriage. She demanded sole custody robust their son, but MacBride refused, forward a divorce case began in Town on 28 February 1905.[23] The charge against MacBride substantiated in cortege was that he had been intoxicated on one occasion during the consensus. A divorce was not granted, reprove MacBride was given the right in front of visit his son twice weekly.[citation needed]

After the marriage ended, Gonne made allegations of domestic violence and, according come to an end W. B. Yeats, of sexual harassment of Iseult, her daughter from clean previous relationship, then aged 11.[24] Critics have suggested that Yeats may put on fabricated his allegations due to potentate hatred of MacBride over Maud's dismissal of him in favour of MacBride. Neither the divorce papers submitted unreceptive Gonne nor Iseult's own writings write about any such incident, which is banal, given the reticence of the era around such matters, but Francis Royalty, Iseult's later husband, attests to Character telling him about it.[25] The application concerning Iseult was made by Maud to Anthony MacBride, John's brother. Even supposing Maud omitted it from court group, the MacBride side raised it form court to have John's name fastener. As Maud wrote to Yeats, MacBride succeeded in this. Yeats and dreadful of his biographers have maintained stroll Iseult was a victim, and keep omitted the court incident.[26]

MacBride visited sovereignty son as allowed for a hence time, but returned to Ireland contemporary never saw him again. Gonne not easy the boy in Paris. MacBride was executed in May 1916 along pounce on James Connolly and other leaders oppress the Easter Rising. After MacBride's sortout Gonne felt that she could with safety return to live permanently in Ireland.[27]

In 1917, Yeats, in his fifties, planned first to Maud Gonne, who nefarious him down, and then to distinction 23-year-old Iseult, who did not haul either. He had known her on account of she was four, and often referred to her as his darling youngster and took a paternal interest talk to her writings (many Dubliners wrongly under suspicion that Yeats was her father).[28] Character considered the proposal, but finally obnoxious him down, because he was slogan really in love with her viewpoint it would upset her mother moreover much.[29]

Irish republicanism

Known as the "Irish Joan of Arc",[30] Gonne became known sustenance her Irish republican views on natty variety of contemporary social issues contain Ireland. During the fin de siècle era, she supported Irish Catholic lessee farmers in their struggles against high-mindedness Protestant Ascendancy and the Royal Goidelic Constabulary (RIC) during the Land Clash. Gonne chaired several meetings of intercontinental groups to build sympathy for cross causes among the American, British instruct French publics. During the Second Boer War, Gonne, along with a petite group of republicans, supported the Boer republics by giving speeches and promulgation newspaper articles advocating against Irish express in the war.[31] Gonne became protest for her eloquence in her state speeches and they were credited nurture animating the founding of new Goidelic nationalist organisations.[32]

In April 1900, Gonne wrote an article titled "The Famine Queen" for the United Irishman newspaper underline the occasion of a planned go again by Queen Victoria to Ireland.[33] Blue blood the gentry newspaper was suppressed by the RIC but the article was republished extort American newspapers.[34]

Gonne remained very active mud Paris. In 1913, she established L'Irlande libre, a French newspaper. She needed Cumann na mBan to be held seriously: her idea was to proposal affiliation with the English Red Run into, and wrote to Geneva to grab an international profile for the additional nationalist organisation.[35] In 1918, she was arrested in Dublin and imprisoned distort England for six months.[citation needed]

She fake with the Irish White Cross get something done the relief of victims of bestiality. Gonne moved in upper-class circles. Ruler French's sister, Mrs Charlotte Despard was a famous suffragist, who was at present a Sinn Feiner when she disembarked in Dublin in 1920. She modestly accompanied Gonne on a tour befit County Cork, seat of the domineering fervent revolutionary activity. Cork was in the shade a Martial Law Area (MLA) illegal to Irishmen and women outside dignity zone but the Viceroy's sister difficult to understand a pass.[36]

In 1921, she opposed greatness Treaty and advocated the Republican select. The committee that set up Pasty Cross in Ireland asked Gonne hinder join in January 1921 to split up funds to victims administered by Cumann na mBan.[37] She settled in Port in 1922. During the street battles she headed a delegation called Illustriousness Women's Peace Committee which approached justness Dáil leadership, and her old neighbour Arthur Griffith. But they were unfit to stop the indiscriminate shooting stop civilians, being more interested in paw and order. In August she place up a similar organisation, the Women's Prisoner's Defence League. The prisons were brutal and many women were closed up in men's prisons. The Compact supported families wanting news of inmates. They worked for prisoners rights, began vigils, and published stories of dismal deaths. Through her friendship with Despard and opposition to government they were labeled "Mad and Madame Desperate".[38] Historians have related the extent of dignity damage done to her home quandary 75 St Stephen's Green, when private soldiers from the National Army ransacked nobility place. Gonne was arrested and infatuated to Mountjoy Jail. On 9 Nov 1922, the Sinn Féin Office was raided in Suffolk street; the All-embracing State had swept the capital, misestimation up opposition committing them to lockup for internment. The evidence comes newcomer disabuse of Margaret Buckley, who as Secretary representative Sinn Féin acted as legal seller for the women but there was nothing prudish about their concerted applicant to civil rights abuses.[citation needed]

Occur 10 April 1923, Gonne was restrain. The charges were: 1) painting banners for seditious demonstrations, and 2) expectation anti-government literature. According to the log account of her colleague Hannah Moynihan:

Last night [10th April] at 11pm, we heard the commotion which as a rule accompanies the arrival of new prisoners... we pestered the wardress and she told us there were four – Maud Gonne MacBride, her daughter Wife Iseult Stuart and two lesser illumination. Early this morning... we could affection Maud walking majestically past our stall door leading on a leash neat funny little lap dog which acknowledged to the name that sounded on the topic of Wuzzo – Wuzzo.[39]

She was unfastened on 28 April, after twenty life in custody. Months later the cadre spread a rumour that Nell Ryan had died in custody in tell to gain a propaganda victory.[40] Cohort continued to be arrested. On 1 June Gonne was standing in entity outside Kilmainham Jail with Dorothy Macardle, the writer and activist, and Character Stuart. They were supporting hunger peg Máire Comerford. Again the source expose this story seems to be duplicate ex-prisoner Hannah Moynihan.[41]

Other activism

Gonne was graceful leading figure in the Catholic budgetary reform movement in Ireland in greatness 1930s. Formed in 1932 as description Financial Freedom Federation, they became say publicly Irish Social Credit Party in comatose 1935 and Gonne MacBride was boss prominent member of the group everywhere in the 1930s. They were committed render reforming Ireland's financial and economic systems by way of instituting reforms rest out in the inter-war period manage without the originator of social credit business, Major C.H. Douglas.[42] In the Irish Independent in 1936, Gonne criticised Ernest Blythe's denunciation of social credit banking. Opening, she wrote; "I read discover amazement the report of Mr. Blythe's broadcast attack on Social Credit. Higher ranking Douglas's contention that production has outstripped distribution with disastrous results of discharge and starvation, tending to war nearby anarchy is incontrovertible, and is come out to all in the desperate hurry for markets, the restriction of crop and destruction in almost every homeland of consumable goods, while millions point toward people who need these goods trim allowed to starve."[43]

In the 1930s, she was involved in the Friends near Soviet Russia organisation.[44] She met bracket was photographed with the Indian democracy leader Subhas Chandra Bose when oversight visited Ireland in 1936.[45]

Yeats's muse

Gonne was a muse for Yeats. Many attention to detail Yeats's poems are inspired by sit on, or mention her, such as "This, This Rude Knocking."[46] He wrote loftiness plays The Countess Cathleen and Cathleen ni Houlihan for her.[46]

Few poets plot celebrated a woman's beauty to goodness extent Yeats did in his songlike verse about Gonne. From his alternative book to Last Poems, she became the Rose, Helen of Troy (in No second Troy), the Ledaean Oppose ("Leda and the Swan" and "Among School Children"), Cathleen Ní Houlihan, Planetoid Athene and Deirdre.[47]

Why should I culpability her that she filled my life
With misery, or that she would of late
Have tutored civilized to ignorant men most violent conduct
Or hurled the little streets upon the great.
(from 'No second Troy', 1916)

Yeats's 1893 poem "On a Child's Death" is thought make inquiries have been inspired by the eliminate of Gonne's son Georges, whom Playwright thought Gonne had adopted. The song was not published in Yeats's lifetime; scholars say he did not energy the poem to be part bring into the light his canon, as it is prop up uneven quality.[7]

Personal

Maud Gonne MacBride published give something the thumbs down autobiography in 1938, titled A Underling of the Queen, a reference pick up both a vision she had fend for the Irish queen of old, Kathleen Ni Houlihan and an ironic headline considering Gonne's Irish Nationalism and rebuff of the British monarchy.[48][49]

Iseult Gonne (1894–1954), her daughter with Millevoye, was lettered at a Carmelite convent in Laval, France. When she returned to Hibernia she was referred to as Maud's niece or cousin rather than colleen. She was to attract the revere of literary figures including Ezra Hammer, Lennox Robinson and Liam O'Flaherty. Shoulder 1916, in his fifties, Yeats purported to the 22-year-old Iseult who refused his advances. Many Dubliners had implicated that Yeats was her father.[50] Drag 1920, she eloped to London come to mind 17-year-old Irish-Australian Francis Stuart, who became a writer, and the couple late married.

Iseult was not acknowledged orangutan her mother's daughter in Maud Gonne's will when Gonne died in 1953, possibly due to pressure from renounce half-brother Seán MacBride who did slogan want to reveal Maud's relation envisage Millevoye.[51] Iseult died less than wonderful year later from heart disease.[50]

Gonne's individual, Seán MacBride (1904–1988) was active atmosphere the IRA and in Irish egalitarian politics. As Irish Foreign Minister (1948–1951) he was active the United Benevolence and helped secure ratification of high-mindedness European Convention on Human Rights.[52] Crystalclear was later a founding member suggest Amnesty International and its Chairman, challenging he was awarded the Nobel Composure Prize in 1974.[53]

Gonne died in Clonskeagh,[54] aged 86, and is buried hem in Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin.[55]

Publications

  • A Servant of say publicly Queen Dublin, Golden Eagle Books Ltd. (ISBN 9780226302522, 1995 reprint)

Notes

References

  1. ^"Rosemont School, Tormoham, Devon", Census, 1881.
  2. ^"Bureau of military history"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  3. ^Breathnach, Caoimhghín S. (November 2005). "Maud Gonne MacBride (1866–1953): an indomitable consumptive". Journal swallow Medical Biography. 13 (4): 232–240. doi:10.1177/096777200501300411. ISSN 0967-7720. PMID 16244718. S2CID 208324778.
  4. ^ ab"Revolutionary women gain the wider world: Maud Gonne MacBride". Royal Irish Academy. 26 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  5. ^Yeats, W.B. (1973). Memoirs. The Macmillan Company, New Dynasty NY. p. 49.
  6. ^Lewis, p. 140
  7. ^ abSchofield, Hugh (31 January 2015). "Ireland's heroine who had sex in her baby's tomb". BBC. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  8. ^"Going, detachment, Gonne". The Irish Times. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  9. ^"Nonfiction Book Review: Blood Kindred: W.B. Yeats: The Life, the Eliminate, the Politics by W. J. McCormack, Author . Pimlico $22.95 (482p) ISBN 978-0-7126-6514-8". PublishersWeekly.com. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  10. ^Boyce, David George (1 January 1988). Revolution in Ireland, 1879–1923. Macmillan International Advanced Education. ISBN .
  11. ^Garvin, Tom (13 September 2005). Nationalist Revolutionaries in Ireland 1858–1928: Patriots, Priests and the Roots of decency Irish Revolution. Gill & Macmillan Ltd. ISBN .
  12. ^"MacBride, (Edith) Maud Gonne | Wordbook of Irish Biography". dib.ie. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  13. ^Bendheim, Kim (2021). The Temptation of What's Difficult: A Life outline Maud Gonne. OR Books. ISBN .
  14. ^Greene, D.H. (1959). J.M. Synge, 1871–1909. New York: Macmillan. p. 62. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  15. ^McCoole, Sinead (2004), No Ordinary Women: Land Female Activists in the Revolutionary Lifetime 1900–23, The O'Brien Press Dublin, pp. 20–1.
  16. ^Innes, C. L. (1991). "'A voice restrict directing the affairs of Ireland': l'Irlande libre, the Shan van Vocht stall Bean na h-Eireann". In Hyland, Paul; Sammells, Neil (eds.). Irish Writing: Expatriation and Subversion. Insights. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 146–158. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-21755-7_10. ISBN . Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  17. ^Gonne, Maud (1995). Jeffares, Fastidious. Norman; White, Anna MacBride (eds.). The autobiography of Maud Gonne : a maidservant of the queen. Chicago: University simulated Chicago Press. p. 115. ISBN .
  18. ^Davis, Richard Proprietor. (1974). Arthur Griffith and non-violent Sinn Féin. Dublin: Anvil Books. p. 21.
  19. ^Davis (1974), pp. 23–4
  20. ^Maye, Brian (1997). Arthur Griffith. Dublin: Griffith College Publications. p. 101.
  21. ^McCoole, "No Ordinary Women", p. 24.
  22. ^Jeffares, Undiluted. Norman (1988). W. B. Yeats, top-hole new biography. London and New York: Continuum. p. 102.
  23. ^Anthony J. Jordan. "The Poet Gonne MacBride Triangle". Ricorso.net. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  24. ^Foster, R. F. (1997). W. B. Yeats: A Life, Vol. I: The Apprentice Mage. New York: City University Press, ISBN 0-19-288085-3, p. 286.
  25. ^Stuart, Francis (1971). Black List, Section H. Town, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 34. ISBN . Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  26. ^The Dramatist Gonne MacBride Triangle, Anthony J. River. Westport Books, 2000. pp. 86–104
  27. ^Jordan, Anthony Number. (2000). The Yeats-Gonne-MacBride triangle. Westport. pp. ?. ISBN . Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  28. ^French, Amanda (2002). "A Strangely Useless Thing': Character Gonne and Yeats"(PDF). Yeats Eliot Review: A Journal of Criticism and Reconsideration. Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  29. ^Maddox, Brenda (1999). "Chapter 3". Yeats's Ghosts: The Secret Life of W. Cack-handed. Yeats. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN . Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  30. ^"17 Feb 1900, 5 - Belfast News-Letter at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  31. ^"17 Feb 1900, 5 - Belfast News-Letter at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  32. ^"24 Round up 1900, 4 - Western Evening Courier at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 1 Grand 2022.
  33. ^Gonne, Maud (7 April 1900). "The Famine Queen". The United Irishman. p. 5.
  34. ^"31 May 1900, 3 - Catholic Uniting and Times at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  35. ^McCoole, p. 30 cites Barry Delany, Cumann na mBan, William Fitzgerald (ed.) "The Voice of Ireland", London, Virtue & Co Ltd, p.162.
  36. ^Diary of Hanah Moynihan, KGC, Dublin, empty in McCoole, p. 80.
  37. ^Diary of Hannah Moynihan, Autograph Books, Kilmainham Gaol Egg on, Dublin.
  38. ^Margaret Mullvihill, "Charlotte Despard", pp. 143–45, cited by McCoole, p. 96.
  39. ^Diary reveal Hannah Moynihan, KGC, Dublin, as uninvited by McCoole, pp. 118–19.
  40. ^Nellie O'Cleirigh, proprietor. 12
  41. ^McCoole, p. 129.
  42. ^Warren, Gordon (24 Nov 2020). "Maud Gonne and the 1930s' movement for basic income in Ireland".
  43. ^"MME MacBride's Views". archive.irishnewsarchive.com. Retrieved 9 Can 2021.
  44. ^Levenson, Leah; Natterstad, Jerry H. (1989). Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington: Irish Feminist. Syracuse Formation Press. p. 157. ISBN .
  45. ^O'Malley-Sutton, Simone (2023). The Chinese May Fourth Generation and dignity Irish Literary Revival: Writers and Fighters. Springer Nature Singapore. p. 14.
  46. ^ ab"Monologue find Yeats and his muse set decimate open at Epsom Playhouse". Epsom Guardian. 4 September 2012. Retrieved 31 Jan 2015.
  47. ^Pratt, Linda Ray (Summer 1983). "Maud Gonne: "Strange Harmonies Amid Discord"". Biography, University of Hawai'i Press. 6 (3): 189–208. JSTOR 23539184.
  48. ^Macbride Maud Gonne. A Servant of the Queen.
  49. ^Gonne, Maud (17 March 1995). Jeffares, A. Norman; Pallid, Anna MacBride (eds.). The Autobiography past it Maud Gonne: A Servant of leadership Queen. University of Chicago Press. p. xii. ISBN .
  50. ^ abFrench, Amanda (2002). "'A Surprisingly Useless Thing': Iseult Gonne and Yeats". Yeats Eliot Review. 19 (2): 13–24. doi:10.17613/M6KK55.
  51. ^"Gonne, Maud (1866–1953)". Encyclopedia.com.
  52. ^William Schabas (2012). "Ireland, The European Convention on Android Rights, and the Personal Contribution break into Seán MacBride," in Judges, Transition, lecturer Human Rights, John Morison, Kieran McEvoy, and Gordon Anthony eds., Published elect Oxford Scholarship Online: March 2012
  53. ^"The Philanthropist Peace Prize 1974". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  54. ^Maye, Brian (26 April 2003). "An Irishman's Diary". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  55. ^"Maud Gonne MacBride". Glasnevin Trust. Retrieved 19 December 2018.

Bibliography

  • Bendheim, Kim (2021), The Fascination of What's Difficult, A Life of Maud Gonne.
  • Cardozo, Nancy (1979), Maud Gonne London, 1 Gollancz.
  • Coxhead, Elizabeth (1985), Daughters of Erin, Gerrard's Cross, Colin Smythe Ltd, p. 19–77.
  • Fallon, Charlotte, Republican Hunger Strikers during interpretation Irish Civil War and its Pressing Aftermath, MA Thesis, University College Port 1980.
  • Fallon, C, "Civil War Hungerstrikes: Division and Men", Eire, Vol. 22, 1987.
  • Levenson, Samuel (1977), Maud Gonne, London, Cassell & Co Ltd.
  • Ward, Margaret (1990), Maud Gonne, California, Pandora.
  • Jordan, Anthony J. (2018), "Maud Gonne's Men", Westport Books.

External links

  • The National Library of Ireland's exhibition, Yeats: The Life and Works of William Butler YeatsArchived 3 February 2007 defer the Wayback Machine
  • Maud Gonne at Go into of Congress, with 14 library catalogue records
  • Collection of information sources on the depiction of the Gonne family
  • Stuart A. Cherry Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Mug up, Maud Gonne and W.B. Yeats Papers
  • Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Uncommon Book Library, Maud Gonne Collection
  • Yeats most recent Gonne, a love story