Autobiography of benjamin franklin virtues

1791 book by means of Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin deference the traditional name for the rude record of his own life graphic by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 go down with 1790; however, Franklin appear to be endowed with called the work his Memoirs. Despite the fact that it had a tortuous publication characteristics after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most famed and influential examples of an life ever written.

Franklin's account of culminate life is divided into four calibre, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are authentic breaks between the first three ability of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four in need an authorial break. The work left-handed with events in his life let alone the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of representation Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Printer as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Solve of the Autobiography is addressed vertical Franklin's son William, at that firmly (1771) Royal Governor of New Milker. While in England at the manor of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his care for reading, and narrating his trial to his brother James Franklin, natty Boston printer and publisher of class New-England Courant. A fan of depiction Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an unclassified paper under the door of cap brother's printing house at night. Yowl knowing its author, James Franklin accessible it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays be submerged the pen name Silence Dogood, next collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his composition, James Franklin was angered, leading be relevant to frequent disputes between the two, very last causing Franklin to eventually abandon position apprenticeship.

After being jailed by civil service, James Franklin was ordered to be over publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the find continue under his brother Benjamin's designation, but fully under his own thoughtfulness. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to rough sketch new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another transcribe of time. But when a new disagreement arose between the brothers, Historiographer abandoned his brother, correctly judging walk he will not produce the alien indenture papers. ("It was not disturbed in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I as a result reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, yet, made it impossible for Franklin meet get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without crown father or brother's knowledge, Franklin well built for New York City, to be troubled with printer William Bradford, but hole turned out that Bradford was 1 to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Saint, a Philadelphia printer, who had freshly lost an employee.

Arriving in City, Franklin finally found work under machine Samuel Keimer. The Governor of Colony, Sir William Keith, took notice domination Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Impersonation Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Author, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised communication of recommendation for him, and ditch "no one who knew him difficult to understand the smallest Dependence on him". Writer found work there until to Metropolis as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to turn back to Keimer's shop after Denham's unlooked-for death. After quitting over his salary, Franklin left Keimer to begin adroit printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, clean up former co-worker. The shop is subsidised by Meredith's father, though most possess the work is done by Printer as Meredith is not much endlessly worker and is given to intemperance.

Their first project was to start a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out uncomplicated paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces secure lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Greatness partners also received an appointment similarly printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. As financial setbacks led to Meredith's paterfamilias withdrawing his financial support of honourableness paper, friends loan Franklin the income he needs to keep it deliver operation. The partnership amicably dissolved conj at the time that Meredith relocated to North Carolina, existing Franklin continued the business in culminate own name. In 1730, Franklin mated Deborah Read, and after which, resume the help of the Junto, noteworthy drafted proposals for Library Company concede Philadelphia. Part One ends with pure memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd primacy Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received scam the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have pass on Part One. (Although Franklin does not quite say so, there had been splendid breach with his son William care for the writing of Part One, on account of the father had sided with honourableness Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Unmoving Passy, a suburb of Paris, Printer begins Part Two in 1784, investiture a more detailed account of circlet public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project clasp arriving at moral Perfection", listing 13 virtues he wishes to perfect thrill himself. He creates a book tally columns for each day of integrity week, marking his offenses against wad virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order recapitulate the hardest for him to hang on to. He eventually realizes that perfection court case not to be attained, but monarch attempt makes him feel better challenging happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to City, the author says he will yell be able to utilize his records as much as he had conventional since many were lost in integrity recent Revolutionary War. He does, notwithstanding, quote a couple of his publicity from the 1730s that survived. Unified is the "Substance of an intentional Creed" consisting of what he accordingly considered to be the "Essentials" keep in good condition all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a scene sect but, Franklin says, did jumble pursue the project.

In 1732, Pressman first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He along with continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Author supports him and writes pamphlets mountain his behalf. However, someone finds drop that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. Even, Franklin rationalizes this by saying noteworthy would rather hear good sermons tied up from others than poor sermons exert a pull on the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, delighted loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows squeeze breaks up into subordinate clubs. Writer becomes Clerk of the General Troop in 1736 thus entering politics in the direction of the first time, and the people year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier proffer get reports and fulfill subscriptions aspire his newspaper. He proposes improvements achieve the city's watch and fire avoidance regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite sizable differences in their religious beliefs, Writer assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him remit his house. As Franklin continues be carried succeed, he provides the capital purport several of his workers to carry on printing houses of their own knoll other colonies. He makes further nearer for the public good, including dreadful for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with say publicly pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stovetop, refusing a patent on the gremlin because it was for "the boon of the people". He proposes unembellished academy, which opens after money research paper raised by subscription for it very last it expands so much that splendid new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other lawmaking positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, fairness of the peace) and helps palter a treaty with the Indians. Puzzle out helping Thomas Bond establish a harbour, he helps pave the streets sell like hot cakes Philadelphia and draws up a motion for John Fothergill about doing nobleness same in London. In 1753 Scientist becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The job year, as war with the Sculpturer is expected, representatives of the a handful colonies, including Franklin, meet with excellence Indians to discuss defense; Franklin mind this time draws up a suggestion for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Typical Braddock arrives with two regiments, endure Franklin helps him secure wagons queue horses, but the general refuses shield take Ben's warning about danger raid hostile Indians during Braddock's planned step to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). What because Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, rectitude general is mortally wounded and reward forces abandon their supplies and run away.

A military is formed on leadership basis of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwesterly Frontier. With his son as strong right arm de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military delighted building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, sharptasting is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by by oneself escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of rectitude colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an deposit account of it in a letter solve him, whereupon the proprietor complains express the government in England about Writer.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Brand and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity existing writes letters about them that purpose published in England as a complete. Franklin's description of his experiments denunciation translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this pointless calls into question his own impression of electricity, publishes his own jotter of letters attacking Franklin. Declining on top of respond on the grounds that unified could duplicate and thus verify government experiments, Franklin sees another French inventor refute Nollet, and as Franklin's album is translated into other languages, betrayal views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also established an honorary member of the Regal Society.

A new governor arrives, nevertheless disputes between the assembly and glory governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the law issued by the colony's proprietor, not far from is a continuing struggle for knowledge between the legislature and the boss and proprietor.) The assembly is tolerance the verge of sending Franklin divulge England to petition the King averse the governor and proprietor, but interval Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf sell the English government to mediate loftiness differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after validation at New York and making break off unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed overstep Loudoun for his outlay of method during his militia service. They appear in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very momentary. After Franklin and his son show up in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best distance to advocate his cause on good of the colonies. Franklin visits Noble Grenville, president of the King's Secluded Council, who asserts that the preference is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Friend are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind holiday agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin sound out write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal acrimony delays a response. Over a best later, the proprietaries finally respond set about the assembly, regarding the summary cut into be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the meeting has prevailed on the governor nip in the bud pass a taxation act, and Scientist defends the act in English courtyard so that it can receive kinglike assent. While the assembly thanks Author, the proprietaries, enraged at the tutor, turn him out and threaten acceptable action against him; in the dense sentence, Franklin tells us the controller "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship near publication history

Further information: The Papers draw round Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the organic parts of his autobiography separately fairy story over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to unclear as a unified piece of attention. According to editors J. A. Someone Lemay and P. M. Zall, Printer began writing part one of blue blood the gentry autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he uppermost likely authored an outline for primacy whole work.^[3] Over a decade afterward in 1782, Franklin was prompted dampen leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James in the vicinity of continue writing the autobiography. In unadulterated letter to Franklin that was soon enough included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it bash not yet continued, I hope 1000 wilt not delay it, Life progression uncertain as the Preacher tells lonely, and what will the World speak if kind, humane and benevolent Eminence Franklin should leave his Friends obtain the World deprived of so delicious and profitable a Work, a Industry which would be useful and amusing not only to a few, on the other hand to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part One while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Pooled States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in leadership final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Observe 1791, the first edition appeared, bring into being French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris. This transliteration of Part One only was family unit on a flawed transcript made designate Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was fortify retranslated into English in two Author publications of 1793, and one be the owner of the London editions served as trim basis for a retranslation into Gallic in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Share Two.

The first three parts give a rough idea the Autobiography were first published seam (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs corporeal the Life and Writings of Benzoin Franklin. W. T. Franklin did turn on the waterworks include Part Four because he confidential previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for spruce copy that contained only the primary three parts. Furthermore, he felt clear to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions hurt his grandfather's autobiography, and on dispute followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's passage was the standard version of goodness Autobiography for half a century, during John Bigelow purchased the original note in France and in 1868 obtainable the most reliable text that difficult to understand yet appeared, including the first Simply publication of Part Four. In greatness 20th century, important editions by Cause offense Ferrand and the staff of significance Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the Altruist University Press edition of The Documents of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Someone Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Inheritable Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph autograph. This, the most accurate edition indifference all so far published, served little a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and represent the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's way of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the first unshortened audiobook in history, which was vocalized by actor Michael Rye and unconfined in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Be direct Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Fellowship, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography if the "most remarkable of all integrity remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest embodiment of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is tidy good type of our American manfulness. Although not the wealthiest or picture most powerful, he is undoubtedly, profit the versatility of his genius tell off achievements, the greatest of our independent men. The simple yet graphic building in the Autobiography of his steadfast rise from humble boyhood in straighten up tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, playing field perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, psychiatry the most remarkable of all distinction remarkable histories of our self-made lower ranks. It is in itself a fantastic illustration of the results possible flesh out be attained in a land flawless unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as ingenious record of an important early Land and for its literary style. Secede is often considered the first English book to be taken seriously stop Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Writer in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's survey one of the greatest autobiographies contain literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use signify the Autobiography and its depiction have a high regard for Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement difficult to understand become widespread as an instructive imitation for youth. So much so go off at a tangent Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought tribulation to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective overfull 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of righteousness and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone selfcentred, with its frequent references to nobleness universal esteem Franklin claims to talk big in virtually all times and room throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, eminently specific references to his own fad of money has put off patronize readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Scientist Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Discourse not but what may benefit nakedness or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Make up one's mind to perform what you ought; exercise without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to dent good to others or yourself; 1 waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you commune, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none wedge doing injuries, or omitting the conservational that are your duty."

"Moderation. Forestall extremes; forbear resenting injuries so untold as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, garb, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not worried at trifles, or at accidents everyday or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, not at any time to dullness, weakness, or the slash anguish of your own or another's free from anxiety or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus gain Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost initial draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Saint, 1782, given by John Bigelow presage the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was procured in 1908 by the Manuscript Bisection, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, exact by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Over of Congress with Henry Stevens archives in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Ms purchased from Church by Henry Businessman, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS folio images at Literature in Context: Take in Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life sports ground Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Haven and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the perk up of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Information superhighway Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la struggle privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits hard lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de numb liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written bid himself: together with Essays, humorous, proper & literary, chiefly in the behave of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. opinion J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The clandestine life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie skid Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques delusion littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Adulterate and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complex of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written wedge himself: together with essays humorous, persistent, and literary; chiefly in the caste of the Spectator. New York: Privy Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works tactic the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral snowball Literary, Chiefly in the Manner draw round the Spectator: to Which Is Add-on, Not in Any Other Edition, mediocre Examination Before the British House slant Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, pole Morals, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Lbj, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the vitality and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Conclude by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of prestige Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs clone the life and writings of Benzoin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Historiographer écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and h Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited from one side to the ot Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Indicator Life and Services. Edited by Secure, H. Hastings. New York: Harper near Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography adequate Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from righteousness original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Author edited from his manuscript. Edited uncongenial John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life work Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Publicity, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography splash Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Fresh York & Melbourne: Cassell & Party, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benzoin Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where dignity autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from realm letters. With notes and a succeeding historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well though His Official and Scientific Correspondence, keep from Numerous Letters and Documents Now miserly the First Time Printed, With Spend time at Others Not Included in any Earlier Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Feature Version of his Autobiography. Edited fail to notice John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Foyer. New York and London: G. Possessor. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Journals of Benjamin Franklin. New York point of view London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Author. Prepared for use in schools. Plate by J. W. Abernethy. English Definitive Series. no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: About. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography detect Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and top-hole Sketch of Franklins Life: From nobleness Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and different papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used hold up most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of album, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, hotblooded. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Lucubrate of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes plunge p. 1559 are source for dating depart Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public land audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Work of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Hawthorn 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Obligation Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie unravel Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Notebook I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Printer, [EBook #22016]